ACID-BASE-DISORDER: Pulmonary

ACID-BASE DISORDER Acid-Base Disorder pH < 7.35 → Acidemia Metabolic Acidosis High Anion Gap See “Metabolic Acidosis Elevated Anion Gap” on page 121 Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Isoniazid Lactic Acid Ethylene Glycol Salicylates Normal Anion Gap See “Metabolic Acidosis Normal Anion Gap” on page 120 Diarrhea RTA Interstitial Nephritis Respiratory Acidosis Chronic COPD Interstitial Disease pH 7.35–7.45 → Normal pH Mixed Acid-Base Disorder pH > 7.45 → Alkalemia Metabolic Alkalosis See “Metabolic Alkalosis” on page 119 Decrease EABV Hypokalemia* Respiratory Alkalosis Chronic Pregnancy Psychogenic Acute Hypoxia Salicylates Sepsis Pulmonary Embolism* Note: Denotes acutely life-threatening causes Appropriate Compensation: Metabolic Acidosis → Ratio (CO₂:HCO₃⁻) = 12:10 Metabolic Alkalosis → 7:10 Acute Respiratory Acidosis → 10:1 Chronic Respiratory Acidosis → 10:3 Acute Respiratory Alkalosis → 10:2 Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis → 10:4