RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN THE NEWBORN: Tachypnea

Respiratory Distress Tachypnea No ↑ work of breathing Normal SaO₂ Causes Sepsis with lactic acidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis Metabolic disease Upper Airway (Extra-thoracic Obstruction) Symptoms Stridor on inspiration ↑ Work of breathing (indrawing, nasal flare, head bobbing, paradoxical breathing) ↓ SaO₂ and ↓ air entry → Red flags for impending respiratory failure Causes Anaphylaxis Croup Epiglottitis Tracheitis Foreign body Lower Airway (Intra-thoracic Obstruction) Symptoms Wheeze on expiration ↑ Work of breathing (indrawing, nasal flare, head bobbing, paradoxical breathing) Crackles Bronchial breath sounds Focal respiratory findings ↓ SaO₂ Subcategories & Causes V/Q Mismatch Bronchiolitis Asthma / Status Asthmaticus Foreign body Pneumonia Atelectasis Pleural effusion Diffusion Problem Interstitial lung disease Acute respiratory distress syndrome Pulmonary edema Right → Left Shunt Congestive heart failure Congenital heart disease Pulmonary AVM Pulmonary hypertension * Indicates Key Condition This is not an exhaustive list of medical conditions.