PROTEINURIA

Proteinuria Transient Proteinuria Negative on repeat testing Causes: Exercise Fever Orthostatic Proteinuria First morning urine × 3 Persistent Proteinuria Requires further evaluation Tubular Proteinuria Urine dip negative, but tubular proteins present (Alpha 1 microglobulin) May have glucosuria, aminoaciduria, acidosis Primary Causes: Genetic/Metabolic disease (e.g., Renal Fanconi’s, Wilson’s disease) Secondary Causes: Drugs Heavy metals Nutritional Glomerular Proteinuria Urine microscopy Active sediment: RBC cells and casts, WBC casts See “Edema: Clinical approach to Hematuria” Benign sediment: No active elements Primary Causes: Minimal Change Disease Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis Membranous Nephropathy Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis Genetic Secondary Causes: Infection (Hepatitis virus, HIV, Malaria, Syphilis) Drugs (Penicillamine, NSAIDs) Immune/Allergic disorders (Bee sting, Food allergies) Malignancy (Lymphoma, Leukemia) Diabetic nephropathy *Indicates Key Condition This is not an exhaustive list of medical conditions.