FRACTURE HEALING

Fracture Healing Non-Union (after 6 months) Delayed Union (3 - 6 months) Malunion Non Functional Septic (R/O First) Tobacco / nicotine NSAIDS Ca2+ /Vitamin D deficiency Tobacco / nicotine NSAIDS Medications Allergies Biologic Failure Mechanical failure) Excessive motion Excessive bone gap Small deviations from normal axis Inadequate immobilization/ reduction Misalignment before casting Premature cast removal Functional Aseptic Hypertrophic (adequate blood flow) Atrophic (inadequate blood flow) Operative Fractures: Open Unstable Displaced Intra-articular Non-Operative Fractures Closed Stable Undisplaced Extra-articular RED FLAGS (life threatening) Multi-trauma Pelvic Fracture Femur Fracture High Cervical Spine Fracture Inflammation Soft Callus Hard Callus Remodelling Hours- DaysDays- Weeks Weeks- Months Years FRACTURE HEALING